John Cockcroft
Biography
John Douglas Cockcroft was born at Todmorden, England, on May 27th,
1897. His family had for several generations been cotton manufacturers.
He was educated at Todmorden Secondary School and studied
mathematics at Manchester University under Horace Lamb in
1914-1915. After serving in the First World War in the Royal
Field Artillery he returned to Manchester to study electrical
engineering at the College of Technology under Miles Walker. After two
years apprenticeship with Metropolitan Vickers Electrical Company
he went to St. John's College, Cambridge, and took the
Mathematical Tripos in 1924. He then worked under Lord Rutherford
in the Cavendish Laboratory.
He first collaborated with P. Kapitsa in the production of intense magnetic
fields and low temperatures. In 1928 he turned to work on the acceleration
of protons by high voltages and was soon joined in this work by E.T.S.
Walton. In 1932 they succeeded in transmuting lithium and boron by high
energy protons. In 1933 artificial radioactivity was produced by protons
and a wide variety of transmutations produced by protons and deuterons
was studied. In 1934 he took charge of the Royal Society Mond Laboratory
in Cambridge.
In 1929 he was elected to a Fellowship in St. John's
College and became successively University demonstrator,
lecturer and in 1939 Jacksonian Professor of Natural
Philosophy.
In September 1939 he took up a war-time appointment as Assistant
Director of Scientific Research in the Ministry of Supply and
started to work on the application of radar to coast and air
defence problems. He was a member of the Tizard Mission to the
United States in the autumn of 1940. After this he was appointed
Head of the Air Defence Research and Development Establishment.
In 1944 he went to Canada to take charge of the Canadian Atomic
Energy project and became Director of the Montreal and Chalk
River Laboratories until 1946 when he returned to England as
Director of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment,
Harwell.
For the period 1954-1959 he was scientific research member of the
U.K. Atomic Energy Authority and has since continued this
function on a parttime basis. Election to Master, Churchill College,
Cambridge, followed in October 1959. In addition he is
Chancellor of the Australian National University, Canberra, and a past
President of the Institute of Physics, the Physical Society (1960
to 1962) and the British Association for the Advancement of
Science (1961 to 1963).
He has received honorary doctorates from some 19 universities and
is a fellow or honorary member of many of the principal
scientific societies. In addition, numerous honours and awards
have also been bestowed upon him.
He married Eunice Elizabeth Crabtree in 1925 and has four
daughters and a son.
From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1942-1962, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1964
This autobiography/biography was first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.
John Cockcroft died on September 18, 1967.
Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 1951